by Alexander Cobbinah
In recent times probably very little.
Even though social contact is generally avoided and there are no Mandinka identifying persons in the village speakers of GB would eventually come into contact with Mandinka speakers. For example those GB speakers who live in Ziguinchor or who visit people in other villages where Mandinka is spoken.
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Cultural and linguistic contact between Bainounk and Mandinka groups is probbaly as old as the arrival of Mandinka in the Casamance, i.e. at least 5 or 6 centuries. It is a different question how current definitions of ethnicity correspond to historical definitons of ethnicity
The problem with the time depth is that it is not clear for how long Gubeeher has been an ethnic category. Certain Bainounk groups in the past definitely had quite intense contact with Mandinka language and culture but it is impossible to establish any continuity between historical and contemporary groups. I think it is possible that the current ethnic groups in Western Lower Casamance are actually based on resistance to Mandinka encroachment. I wouldn’t have enough historical knowledge on more ancient history to elaborate on Bainounk-Mandinka relations in the early colonial period.
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