by Dineke Schokkin
At least since the inception of Tok Pisin, and probably before that.
The present day.
Definitely for several decades now, but I'm not quite certain when this started. I assume that it is closely related to the increase in mobility due to people relocating for education and work since WWII. There may have been a small amount of intermarriage with other Manus groups before that, but likely not much given that this is not culturally prescribed and preference is still to marry within the Paluai-speaking community.
The present day.
Since the time missionaries and church leaders (e.g. clergymen in the Catholic church) from elsewhere in PNG or overseas have been interacting with the Paluai speech community, so most likely since the early 20th century.
Probably since the early 20th century, until the present day and continuing. Interaction will have been increasing during this time frame and likely be densest in the present day.
For about 50-60 years. Increase in tertiary education and Paluai speakers moving to other parts of PNG for work took off in earnest after WWII.
The present day.
Since about 50 years.
In the present day.
Since the early 20th century (most likely for longer than that, but using a receptive multilingual mode of communication before the inception of Tok Pisin).
The present day.
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