| Nuxalk - North Wakashan |
Nuxalk (a maritime Salish isolate former located further south) was first influenced by the non-Salish languages Chinookan, Quileute, South Wakashan, Penutian. Later, interaction also took place between Nuxalk and north Wakashan, Nuxalk and Athabascan, and Nuxalk and Tsimshianic.
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| Burmese - Mon |
Thai, Karen varieties (Pwo, Sgaw)
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| Papapana - Rotokas |
IF exchange has occurred, the timeframe when the largest number of people would have had the most opportunities for interaction would have been late-19th century to early 20th century. Bougainville was colonised before this, in 1884, but plantations weren't established there until 1908. Plantations were established near the Papapana-speaking village Teperoi from 1912. Before the arrival of Europeans, Papapana speakers mostly only had contact with neighbouring Rotokas speakers and therefore this would have been when Papapana and Rotokas speakers had the most opportunities for interaction in exchange with each other
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| Maltese - Sicilian (modern) |
Sicilian was spoken, besides Maltese, and written from the 14th to the 16th century. Then Italian took over. Nowadays the use of English is increasing in interaction with Sicilians, depending on how well it is known by the Sicilian individual concerned.
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| Maltese - Sicilian (historical) |
Other Romance languages, Greek.
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| Ndebele - Tjwao |
Kalanga
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| Kwoma - Manambu |
A trade pidgin before the 1920s. After the 1920s Tok Pisin and, increasingly since the 1980s English.
See the answers to questionnaire 1. [DTR]
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| Korandje - North African Arabic |
(none)
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| Zaza - Turkish |
Kurmanji, Armenian
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| Ipili - Hewa |
2
|
| Yuhup - Macuna |
No other languages are spoken in this domain.
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| Temoaya Otomi - Mexican Spanish |
None.
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| Mawng - Kunbarlang |
Varieties of Bininj Kunwok, Maningrida family languages, other Iwaidjan family languages
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| Bade - Manga Kanuri |
Hausa
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| Muak Sa-aak - Tau Lü |
Some people speak some Chinese.
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| Toba - Spanish |
Other indigeous languages from the Chaco region:
Mocoví
Pilagá
Wichí
Guaraní
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| Western Toba - Wichí |
Spanish
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| Nen - Idi |
Any of the other vernacular languages in the area. From a Nen perspective: Nmbo, Nambo, Neme, Täme, perhaps Nama, perhaps even Suki or Agob.
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| Burarra - Yolngu Matha |
Na-kara
Gurr-goni
Ndjébbana
Bininj Kunwok
Rembarrnga
Dalabon
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| South Saami - NorwegianSwedish |
None (I believe English is not relevant here, even if most South Saami and Swedish/Norwegian people are capable of speaking it).
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