| Nuxalk - North Wakashan |
Same as the time frame pertaining to general contact suggested earlier
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| Burmese - Mon |
since the 15th century
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| Kambaata - Wolaytta |
It was probably more common in the past, nowadays people are more and more ethnically segregated.
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| Langi - Alagwa |
The present day is the period of densest contact. And perhaps in the more distant past.
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| Papapana - Rotokas |
Late-19th century (when Papapana speakers settled in Teperoi) to early 20th century when plantations were established in Bougainville (the first one in 1908). After this, contact with other language groups increased.
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| Maltese - Sicilian (modern) |
From the 16th to the 19th century, but it is still ongoing, albeit in small numbers.
The densest period of time for contact between Malta and Sicily was from 1050 to around 1550, because political, social and economic ties were practically exclusive. From 1550 onwards such contacts with Italy increased, and ties with the UK began in 1800 but became strong from about 1850 and are strongest today. However, statistics and testimonies for the Sicilian period are scarce, with the result that most of my responses to the questionnaire concern the present time period (roughly the last decades) when contact with Sicily is still ongoing, albeit in a much wider international framework. As regards language, contact with Sicilian died out with the coming of the Knights of St John who introduced Italian, both as an official and a spoken language for the educated classes. Moreover, today the Sicilian dialect is never spoken with foreigners by the Sicilians themselves.
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| Maltese - Sicilian (historical) |
1500–1800
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| Ndebele - Tjwao |
After successfully conquering the western region, the Ndebele kingdom established a society comprising three classes of people: the Zansi, Enhla and Hole (cf. Cobbing 1976, 2003, Beach 1994, Msindo 2002, Mazarire 2003). The San were part of the Hole, who formed the lowest class of society. They were not necessarily subject of the Ndebele state, but they either paid tribute or were expected to show some loyalty to the Ndebele king. The Ndebele men also married the Tjwao/San women.
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| Korandje - North African Arabic |
Late 20th-early 21st century
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| Zaza - Turkish |
It is unclear.
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| Ipili - Hewa |
Pre World War Two.
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| Marind - Marori |
Probably the last few decades, with improved roads and communica-tions.
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| Chipaya - Central Aymara |
Roughly 400 years.
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| Temoaya Otomi - Mexican Spanish |
Approximately since 1980.
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| Mawng - Kunbarlang |
1600-1800
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| Alorese - Adang |
We don't know exactly when was the densest contact. We believe that in the past contact solely between Alorese and Adang as far as family formation is concerned was denser than it is today. Today people have the opportunity to move more easily and marry people from other islands.
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| Muak Sa-aak - Tau Lü |
The past twenty years or so.
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| Sibe - Uighur |
ca. 200 years
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| Toba - Spanish |
From the beginning of migrations towards urban areas, around the decades of 1950 and 1960, up to the present.
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| Western Toba - Wichí |
Share residence of Western Toba and Wichí in urban neighborhoods since the late 20th Century.
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| Paluai - Tok Pisin |
The present day.
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| Nen - Idi |
see above
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| Burarra - Yolngu Matha |
1600-1800. Again this time frame is slightly arbitrary just identifying a usefully large span of time before colonisaton. It's difficult t say whether family formation–type contact would have been denser then than in contemporary times, but for some subsection it certainly would have been (as those groups now encounter other groups besides the Yolngu more often and clan pairings wrt marriage patterns have likely weakened to an extent.
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| South Saami - NorwegianSwedish |
Probably modern/contemporary times.
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| Yurok - Karuk |
Yurok and Karuk intermarriage is best documented in a time frame that extends from approximately 1850 to 1909.
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| Wutun - Bonan |
[The past.]
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