| Burmese - Mon |
since the 10th/11th century.
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| Kambaata - Wolaytta |
The current work-related contact probably started after the mid-nineties.
|
| Langi - Alagwa |
For the last 100 years.
|
| Papapana - Rotokas |
Probably since the early 20th century when European plantations were established along the Papapana and Rotokas coast.
|
| Maltese - Sicilian (modern) |
Almost exclusively in one direction: Sicilians coming over to work in Malta.
|
| Maltese - Sicilian (historical) |
Since approx. 1300 and still ongoing today.
|
| Ndebele - Tjwao |
For a long period of time.
|
| Kwoma - Manambu |
Two centuries
|
| Korandje - North African Arabic |
Sporadically: probably since the language came into existence about 800 years ago
Regularly: probably since the region first came under Arab political domination, about 500 years ago
Intimately: since the oasis began to have a large Arabic-speaking community, about 100 years ago
|
| FLNA-NLNA |
There have been contacts between Focus and Neighbour speakers for at least 200-250 years. However, until recent times, such contacts were quite limited, still in the 1950s, almost 100% of Focus living in the Focus area were Focus speakers and most of them lived in communities where Focus was the only language spoken on a daily basis. It ca be said that, for Focus remaining in their home area, contact with Macro-Neighbour (especially in working activities) actually began during the 20th century, especially from the 1950s onwards.
|
| Zaza - Turkish |
See KN 2 [QID: DKN0a]
|
| Yuhup - Macuna |
1950-2020
|
| Temoaya Otomi - Mexican Spanish |
Approximately 100 years.
|
| Mawng - Kunbarlang |
For at least the last few hundred years, more likely a thousand years.
|
| Santali - Bengali |
The Santali and the Bengali people have been working together approximately for the last 150 years, specifically since 1872, with the establishment of the tea gardens in Jalpaiguri district and the contiguous Terai (plains) region of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal. The Sardars (Headmen) were employed to recruit labours for tea plantation from the tribal areas of Central India. The Santals (not individual but the whole families) were brought in the plantation sites as labours.
|
| Bade - Manga Kanuri |
Approx. 500 years
|
| Sibe - Uighur |
1764-present
Contact in the domain of labour was going on until the recent past (at least 2017), though to a lesser degree towards the end of the period. The current situation is unclear.
|
| Toba - Spanish |
Contact has been happening since the late 19th century and is presently ongoing.
|
| Western Toba - Wichí |
During the first half of the 20th Century, Western Toba and Wichí people worked together at the sugar-cane plantations in Northern Argentina.
|
| Paluai - Tok Pisin |
For about 50-60 years. Increase in tertiary education and Paluai speakers moving to other parts of PNG for work took off in earnest after WWII.
|
| Nen - Idi |
As long as they have been forming families
|
| Burarra - Yolngu Matha |
Labour involving both groups goes back at least several hundred years and possibly many more, but the form of labour has dramatically changed in the post-colonial era with much labour now taking place in the public sphere as part of a wider market.
|
| South Saami - NorwegianSwedish |
There is proof for contact in this domain from the middle ages. In modern times, South Saami and Norwegian/Swedish share workplaces as is usual between Norwegians/Swedes in the Norwegian/Swedish societies.
|
| Kupwar Marathi - Kupwar Kannada |
Historical records as well as residents in Kupwar indicate that the contact situation is about 600 years old. It might safely be inferred, that K-M and K-K speakers have worked together for as long.
|
| Aleut - Eyak |
Unclear, but probably over an extended period of time; evidence of shared and typologically unusual grammatical features (cf. Leer 1991, Berge 2016, 2018); probably in period between 3000-800 BP (neighboring contact up to about 1500 BP, more remote contact after arrival of Alutiiq, who would have created a wedge between the two groups. The Eyak were riverine inland people, and new to their historical homeland from around 1200 BP; but prior to that, there are some archaeological connections between Yakutat (one of Eyak settlements post-1200 BP) and Riverine Kachemak of northern Kenai Peninsula (cf. Davis 1996). Aleut may have been main Kachemak in currently Alutiiq areas (cf. Berge forthcoming, Dumond 2001, Maschner 2016)
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| Wutun - Bonan |
The hereditary border guard unit system continued during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties of China, so the Wutun and Bonan speakers interacted in this domain about five hundred years.
|