| Nuxalk - North Wakashan |
From the time the Nuxalk established settlements in and around Bella Coola until recently.
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| Burmese - Mon |
the last 600-700 years
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| Kambaata - Wolaytta |
We don't know
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| Langi - Alagwa |
The present-day has the highest density of contact.
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| Papapana - Rotokas |
The timeframe when the largest number of people would have had the most opportunities for interaction would have been late-19th century to early 20th century. Bougainville was colonised before this, in 1884, but plantations weren't established there until 1908. Plantations were established near the Papapana-speaking village Teperoi from 1912. Before the arrival of Europeans, Papapana speakers mostly only had contact with neighbouring Rotokas speakers and therefore this would have been when Papapana and Rotokas speakers had the most opportunities for interaction.In terms of interaction with non-Rotokas people, that has hugely increased since the mid-20th century.
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| Maltese - Sicilian (historical) |
1300–1800.
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| Kwoma - Manambu |
Since the 1920s, when a government patrol post was established at Ambunti, midway between the two language groups, and warfare between the two groups came to an end. This gave Kwoma for the first time in their history the ability safely to visit Manambu communities, and vice versa.
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| Korandje - North African Arabic |
Since ca. 1980, when the road was built
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| FLNA-NLNA |
Frequent contact since the 1950s (emigration of Focus people to T, development of schools in the Focus area). Widespread contact since the 1980s (second Country A civil war)
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| Bainounk Gubeeher - Mandinka |
No information available
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| Zaza - Turkish |
See KN2 [QID: DKN0a]
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| Ipili - Hewa |
Before contact with Europeans/Australians/Americans, pre World War Two.
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| Yuhup - Macuna |
1980-2020
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| Marind - Marori |
Not sure about pre-colonial times. Recently interaction is easy thanks to roads and technology
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| Chipaya - Central Aymara |
500 years
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| Temoaya Otomi - Mexican Spanish |
Approximately since 1950, that is, around 71 years.
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| Mawng - Kunbarlang |
1600-1800
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| Alorese - Adang |
We believe that in the past there were the most opportunities for interaction because the Alorese settlements were small, so they had to exchange spouses and goods with the Adang (see Klamer 2011: 10). The Alorese and the Adang were (and still are) untied under the "10-3-7" alliance which unites 10 Adang villages, 3 Alorese villages, and 7 villages on Pura island (Wellfelt 2016: 228). Today the occasions to interact are quite frequent, thanks to the better word connections, motorbikes, and the fact that some Adang people have moved to live on the coast
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| Santali - Bengali |
Since 50s of the last century.
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| Bade - Manga Kanuri |
The past 500 years
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| Muak Sa-aak - Tau Lü |
The previous contact by way of trade continues and is increased; there has also been contact through education and some intermarriage.
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| Sibe - Uighur |
1800s - present
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| Toba - Spanish |
Since the end of the nineteenth century to the present day, along with the process of sedentarization and confinement of the Toba in reservations and public lands.
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| Western Toba - Wichí |
The overall time frame when the largest number of people had the most opportunities for interaction was probably before the arrival of criollo settlers at the end of the 19th Century. Nevertheless, as our historical information starts on the late 19th Century, we will focus our answers between late 19th Century and early 20th Century.
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| Paluai - Tok Pisin |
The present day.
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| Nen - Idi |
As per other domains
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| Burarra - Yolngu Matha |
1600-1800. In the pre-colonial era contact would have been densest between many Burarra and YM people, however it's possible that a greater number of Burarra and YM people have the opportunity for some kind of interaction in the contemporary era due to concentration of populations at urban centres
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| South Saami - NorwegianSwedish |
That is difficult to assess, since (exact) total numbers of Saami are not known, neither historically nor for today. Possibly, the Middle Ages can be identified as an important time frame. Today, there is a lot of contact as well, but the notion of a "Saami" group as opposed to a "Norwegian/Swedish" seems less meaningful in many of the contact domains investigated in the questionnaire.
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| Kupwar Marathi - Kupwar Kannada |
The most opportunities for interaction among the largest number of speakers existed as long as agriculture was an important economic activity in Kupwar. There has been a gradual weakening of this interdependence from about 1930s until the 1990s. One can infer that the interaction was the greatest until about 1950s.
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| Yurok - Karuk |
1850-1950
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| Aleut - Eyak |
ca. 3000-1500 BP
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